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No son una fecha de caducidad: a los 30 años una placa en buen estado sigue generando electricidad, solo que algo menos que el primer día.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":689,"children":691},{"id":690,"data-toc":690},"Degradación",[692],{"type":509,"value":693},"Degradación de las placas solares: cuánto pierden al año",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":696,"children":697},{},[698,699,704],{"type":509,"value":510},{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":700,"children":701},{},[702],{"type":509,"value":703},"degradación",{"type":509,"value":705}," es la pérdida lenta de potencia que sufre cualquier placa con el paso del tiempo. La placa no deja de funcionar: produce un poco menos cada año.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":708,"children":709},{},[710],{"type":509,"value":711},"El NREL, el laboratorio nacional de energías renovables de Estados Unidos, ha reunido más de 11.000 mediciones de casi 200 estudios en 40 países. Esto es lo que muestran para las placas de silicio cristalino:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":715,"children":716},"ul",{},[717,718,729,730,740,741,751],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":720,"children":721},"li",{},[722,727],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":723,"children":724},{},[725],{"type":509,"value":726},"Mediana: 0,5 a 0,6 % al año.",{"type":509,"value":728}," Es el valor típico: la mitad de las instalaciones pierde menos y la otra mitad, más.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":731,"children":732},{},[733,738],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":734,"children":735},{},[736],{"type":509,"value":737},"Media: 0,8 a 0,9 % al año.",{"type":509,"value":739}," Es más alta porque unos pocos sistemas que se degradan mucho tiran de ella hacia arriba.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":742,"children":743},{},[744,749],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":745,"children":746},{},[747],{"type":509,"value":748},"Pérdida casi constante.",{"type":509,"value":750}," La mayoría de las placas pierde más o menos lo mismo cada año. Los saltos bruscos aparecen sobre todo en los peores productos.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":754,"children":755},{},[756],{"type":509,"value":757},"Esos datos de campo vienen de placas instaladas hace años. Las placas actuales de tipo N, una tecnología de célula más reciente, llegan con garantías más estrictas: LONGi garantiza en su Hi-MO X10 una pérdida máxima del 0,35 % al año a partir del segundo año, y JinkoSolar del 0,35 al 0,4 % según la versión de su Tiger Neo 3.0. Son límites que garantiza el fabricante, no mediciones en tejados reales.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":760,"children":761},{},[762],{"type":509,"value":763},"Las garantías admiten una pérdida mayor el primer año, alrededor del 1 %, y menor a partir del segundo.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":767,"children":769},"h3",{"id":768},"ejemplo-4-kwp",[770],{"type":509,"value":771},"Ejemplo: un tejado de 4 kWp en Madrid, Sevilla y Bilbao",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":774,"children":775},{},[776,778,783],{"type":509,"value":777},"Un ",{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":779,"children":780},{},[781],{"type":509,"value":782},"kWp",{"type":509,"value":784}," (kilovatio pico) mide la potencia máxima de las placas en condiciones de laboratorio. Tomamos como ejemplo una instalación de 4 kWp en el tejado de un chalet.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":787,"children":788},{},[789],{"type":509,"value":790},"Hemos calculado la producción del primer año con los datos de radiación solar de PVGIS, la herramienta de la Comisión Europea, para un tejado con 30° de inclinación, orientado al sur y con un 14 % de pérdidas del sistema. Después hemos aplicado la degradación mediana del 0,5 % anual:",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":578,"attrs":793,"children":794},{"class":578},[795,796,823,824,897],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":584,"attrs":797,"children":798},{},[799,800,822],{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":500,"tag":590,"attrs":801,"children":802},{},[803,804,809,810,815,816,821],{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":596,"attrs":805,"children":806},{},[807],{"type":509,"value":808},"Ciudad",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":596,"attrs":811,"children":812},{},[813],{"type":509,"value":814},"Año 1",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":596,"attrs":817,"children":818},{},[819],{"type":509,"value":820},"Año 25 (0,5 % al año)",{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":611,"attrs":825,"children":826},{},[827,828,850,851,873,874,896],{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":500,"tag":590,"attrs":829,"children":830},{},[831,832,837,838,843,844,849],{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":833,"children":834},{},[835],{"type":509,"value":836},"Sevilla",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":839,"children":840},{},[841],{"type":509,"value":842},"6.668 kWh",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":845,"children":846},{},[847],{"type":509,"value":848},"unos 5.870 kWh",{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":500,"tag":590,"attrs":852,"children":853},{},[854,855,860,861,866,867,872],{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":856,"children":857},{},[858],{"type":509,"value":859},"Madrid",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":862,"children":863},{},[864],{"type":509,"value":865},"6.442 kWh",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":868,"children":869},{},[870],{"type":509,"value":871},"unos 5.670 kWh",{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":500,"tag":590,"attrs":875,"children":876},{},[877,878,883,884,889,890,895],{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":879,"children":880},{},[881],{"type":509,"value":882},"Bilbao",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":885,"children":886},{},[887],{"type":509,"value":888},"4.659 kWh",{"type":509,"value":594},{"type":500,"tag":620,"attrs":891,"children":892},{},[893],{"type":509,"value":894},"unos 4.100 kWh",{"type":509,"value":588},{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":900,"children":901},{},[902],{"type":509,"value":903},"En el año 25 el tejado produce alrededor de un 12 % menos que al principio. Si la degradación fuera algo mayor, del 0,7 % anual, en Madrid bajaría a unos 5.360 kWh. Con el mínimo que garantiza LONGi para el Hi-MO X10 en el año 25 (90,6 % de la potencia), serían unos 5.840 kWh.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":906,"children":907},{},[908],{"type":509,"value":909},"La conclusión práctica: una placa de 25 años sigue dando cerca del 88 % de lo que producía nueva. Pesa más la ciudad donde vives que el paso del tiempo: un tejado en Bilbao produce desde el primer día bastante menos que uno de 25 años en Sevilla.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":912,"children":914},{"id":913},"por-que-se-degradan",[915],{"type":509,"value":916},"Por qué se degradan las placas solares",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":919,"children":920},{},[921],{"type":509,"value":922},"Una placa pasa 30 años expuesta al sol, a la lluvia y a los cambios de temperatura entre el día y la noche. Estos son los desgastes más habituales:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":925,"children":926},{},[927,928,938,939,949,950,960,961,980,981,991,992,1002],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":929,"children":930},{},[931,936],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":932,"children":933},{},[934],{"type":509,"value":935},"Rayos ultravioleta:",{"type":509,"value":937}," amarillean con el tiempo el plástico transparente que protege las células (el encapsulante, normalmente EVA).",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":940,"children":941},{},[942,947],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":943,"children":944},{},[945],{"type":509,"value":946},"Calor y humedad:",{"type":509,"value":948}," pueden despegar las capas de la placa (delaminación) y dejar pasar agua.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":951,"children":952},{},[953,958],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":954,"children":955},{},[956],{"type":509,"value":957},"Ciclos de temperatura:",{"type":509,"value":959}," el material se dilata con el calor y se contrae con el frío, día tras día, y eso fatiga soldaduras y conexiones.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":962,"children":963},{},[964,969,971,978],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":965,"children":966},{},[967],{"type":509,"value":968},"Microfisuras:",{"type":509,"value":970}," grietas finas en las células por ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":973,"children":975},"nuxt-link",{"to":974},"\u002Flas-placas-solares-son-resistentes-al-granizo",[976],{"type":509,"value":977},"granizo",{"type":509,"value":979},", nieve, viento o un mal manejo durante el montaje.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":982,"children":983},{},[984,989],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":985,"children":986},{},[987],{"type":509,"value":988},"Huellas de caracol:",{"type":509,"value":990}," líneas oscuras que aparecen sobre las células con los años.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":993,"children":994},{},[995,1000],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":996,"children":997},{},[998],{"type":509,"value":999},"PID (degradación inducida por potencial):",{"type":509,"value":1001}," pérdida de potencia por diferencias de tensión eléctrica entre las células y el marco de la placa.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1005,"children":1006},{},[1007,1009,1014],{"type":509,"value":1008},"El clima influye. En zonas muy calurosas, y en montajes donde la placa se calienta más, algunos productos se degradan más rápido, aunque no todos. Si vives en el sur peninsular, merece la pena elegir un modelo con buenos resultados en ensayos de calor. Te lo explicamos en ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1010,"children":1011},{"to":52},[1012],{"type":509,"value":1013},"cómo influye la temperatura en las placas",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1017,"children":1018},{},[1019,1021,1027],{"type":509,"value":1020},"La calidad también se nota. En los ensayos de fiabilidad de ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1022,"children":1024},{"to":1023},"\u002Fpvel",[1025],{"type":509,"value":1026},"Kiwa PVEL",{"type":509,"value":1028}," de 2026, el 87 % de los fabricantes tuvo al menos un fallo y el 45 % al menos un caso de delaminación. El fallo más frecuente fue la rotura de placas en las pruebas de carga mecánica y de granizo. En algunas pruebas, las pérdidas de potencia fueron menores que en años anteriores.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":1031,"attrs":1032,"children":1035},"solar-panel-calculator",{"heading":1033,"mode":1034},"Calcula cuánto puedes ahorrar con placas solares","inContentWidget",[],{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1038,"children":1040},{"id":1039,"data-toc":27},"Garantías",[1041],{"type":509,"value":1042},"Vida útil y garantía de las placas solares no son lo mismo",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1045,"children":1046},{},[1047],{"type":509,"value":1048},"La vida útil es cuánto tiempo produce una placa. La garantía es lo que el fabricante se compromete a reparar o reponer, y en qué condiciones. En la documentación de cualquier placa verás dos garantías distintas:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":1051,"children":1052},{},[1053,1054,1064,1065,1075],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1055,"children":1056},{},[1057,1062],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1058,"children":1059},{},[1060],{"type":509,"value":1061},"Garantía de producto:",{"type":509,"value":1063}," cubre defectos de fabricación. Suele ser más corta que la de potencia: 15 años en el LONGi Hi-MO X10, y entre 12 y 25 años, según la serie, en el Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1066,"children":1067},{},[1068,1073],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1069,"children":1070},{},[1071],{"type":509,"value":1072},"Garantía de potencia:",{"type":509,"value":1074}," fija la potencia mínima que debe conservar la placa cada año. En las dos marcas citadas llega a 30 años. LONGi garantiza al menos el 99 % el primer año y el 88,85 % al final del año 30. En las versiones de Jinko con una pérdida máxima del 1 % el primer año y del 0,4 % anual después, el mínimo al año 30 queda en torno al 87,4 %.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1078,"children":1079},{},[1080],{"type":509,"value":1081},"Antes de reclamar, conviene conocer tres detalles de la letra pequeña:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":1084,"children":1085},{},[1086,1087,1092,1093,1098,1099,1104],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1088,"children":1089},{},[1090],{"type":509,"value":1091},"La potencia se mide en laboratorio, en condiciones estándar (STC: 1.000 W\u002Fm² de radiación y 25 °C en la célula), no con lo que marque la app de tu inversor un día de verano.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1094,"children":1095},{},[1096],{"type":509,"value":1097},"Desmontar la placa defectuosa y montar la nueva suele correr de tu cuenta. El fabricante cubre la placa, no la mano de obra.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1100,"children":1101},{},[1102],{"type":509,"value":1103},"Si te cambian una placa, el plazo de garantía no vuelve a empezar.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1107,"children":1108},{},[1109,1111,1116,1118,1123,1125,1130],{"type":509,"value":1110},"Además de la garantía del fabricante, tienes la ",{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1112,"children":1113},{},[1114],{"type":509,"value":1115},"garantía legal",{"type":509,"value":1117},": el vendedor o instalador responde de los defectos que aparezcan en los ",{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1119,"children":1120},{},[1121],{"type":509,"value":1122},"3 años",{"type":509,"value":1124}," siguientes a la entrega. En los 2 primeros años se presume que el defecto ya existía, así que no tienes que demostrarlo tú. Si la empresa ha cerrado, puedes reclamar directamente al fabricante; lo explicamos en ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1126,"children":1127},{"to":143},[1128],{"type":509,"value":1129},"qué hacer si tu instalador ha cerrado",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1133,"children":1134},{},[1135,1137,1142],{"type":509,"value":1136},"En nuestra guía de ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1138,"children":1139},{"to":28},[1140],{"type":509,"value":1141},"garantías de las placas solares",{"type":509,"value":1143}," te explicamos cómo leer y reclamar cada una.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1146,"children":1149},{"id":1147,"data-toc":1148},"Vidaútilinversor","Inversor",[1150],{"type":509,"value":1151},"¿Cuánto dura un inversor solar?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1154,"children":1155},{},[1156,1158,1162,1164,1168],{"type":509,"value":1157},"El ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1159,"children":1160},{"to":104},[1161],{"type":509,"value":544},{"type":509,"value":1163}," es la pieza que más trabaja de toda la instalación: convierte la corriente continua de las placas en la corriente alterna de los enchufes de casa. Al ser un equipo electrónico que funciona a diario, dura menos que las placas. Para una vivienda, la vida de referencia es de ",{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1165,"children":1166},{},[1167],{"type":509,"value":551},{"type":509,"value":1169},". Durante los 30 años de vida de las placas, cuenta con cambiar el inversor al menos una vez.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1172,"children":1173},{},[1174],{"type":509,"value":1175},"Como referencia, estas son las garantías de dos marcas que se venden en España:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":1178,"children":1179},{},[1180,1181,1195,1196,1213],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1182,"children":1183},{},[1184,1193],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1185,"children":1186},{},[1187,1191],{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1188,"children":1189},{"to":341},[1190],{"type":509,"value":340},{"type":509,"value":1192},":",{"type":509,"value":1194}," 10 años en sus inversores residenciales SUN2000, que empiezan a contar 180 días después del envío del equipo.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1197,"children":1198},{},[1199,1204,1206,1211],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1200,"children":1201},{},[1202],{"type":509,"value":1203},"GoodWe:",{"type":509,"value":1205}," 10 años en los inversores residenciales fabricados desde el 1 de enero de 2026, tanto los de conexión a red como los ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1207,"children":1208},{"to":107},[1209],{"type":509,"value":1210},"híbridos",{"type":509,"value":1212}," (los que también gestionan una batería). Los fabricados antes tienen 5 años, que se pueden ampliar.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1216,"children":1217},{},[1218],{"type":509,"value":1219},"Igual que con las placas, si el inversor falla dentro de garantía, la mano de obra para desmontar el averiado y montar el nuevo suele correr a cargo del cliente: Huawei, por ejemplo, solo asume el envío. Pregunta al instalador si su presupuesto incluye esa mano de obra.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1222,"children":1223},{},[1224,1226,1231,1233,1239],{"type":509,"value":1225},"Si tu tejado tiene sombras, puedes usar ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1227,"children":1228},{"to":110},[1229],{"type":509,"value":1230},"microinversores",{"type":509,"value":1232}," u ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1234,"children":1236},{"to":1235},"\u002Foptimizadores-potencia",[1237],{"type":509,"value":1238},"optimizadores de potencia",{"type":509,"value":1240},", que se colocan detrás de cada placa y evitan que la sombra sobre una placa reste producción a las demás. Los optimizadores de Huawei, por ejemplo, tienen 25 años de garantía.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1243,"children":1245},{"id":1244},"vida-util-bateria",[1246],{"type":509,"value":1247},"¿Y la batería?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1250,"children":1251},{},[1252,1254,1259],{"type":509,"value":1253},"En las ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1255,"children":1256},{"to":81},[1257],{"type":509,"value":1258},"baterías",{"type":509,"value":1260},", lee bien las condiciones de la garantía. La Huawei LUNA2000 instalada en España tiene 5 años de garantía básica y 15 años si está conectada a internet a través de FusionSolar, la plataforma de seguimiento de Huawei. Durante la garantía, Huawei asegura que conserva al menos el 60 % de su energía útil. Si la desconectas de internet más de 6 meses, puedes perder la garantía ampliada.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1263,"children":1265},{"id":1264,"data-toc":1264},"Consejos",[1266],{"type":509,"value":1267},"Cómo alargar la vida útil de tus placas solares",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1270,"children":1271},{},[1272],{"type":509,"value":1273},"Las placas apenas necesitan mantenimiento, pero unos pocos hábitos evitan que un problema pequeño acabe costándote años de producción:",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":714,"attrs":1276,"children":1277},{},[1278,1279,1289,1290,1300,1301,1318,1319,1335,1336,1346,1347,1372],{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1280,"children":1281},{},[1282,1287],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1283,"children":1284},{},[1285],{"type":509,"value":1286},"Mira la producción en la app del inversor.",{"type":509,"value":1288}," Compara cada mes con el mismo mes del año anterior. Perder alrededor de un 0,5 % al año es normal; una caída brusca, no.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1291,"children":1292},{},[1293,1298],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1294,"children":1295},{},[1296],{"type":509,"value":1297},"Mantén el inversor y la batería conectados a internet.",{"type":509,"value":1299}," Así recibes los avisos de fallo y, en algunas marcas, conservas la garantía ampliada.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1302,"children":1303},{},[1304,1309,1311,1317],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1305,"children":1306},{},[1307],{"type":509,"value":1308},"Pide una revisión después de una granizada fuerte",{"type":509,"value":1310}," o si ves cristales rotos, marcos doblados o manchas en las células. Comprueba también qué cubre tu ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1312,"children":1314},{"to":1313},"\u002Fseguro-placas-solares",[1315],{"type":509,"value":1316},"seguro de hogar",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1320,"children":1321},{},[1322,1327,1329,1334],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1323,"children":1324},{},[1325],{"type":509,"value":1326},"Limpia solo cuando haga falta",{"type":509,"value":1328}," y siguiendo el manual de la placa. Tienes los detalles en ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1330,"children":1331},{"to":34},[1332],{"type":509,"value":1333},"cómo limpiar los paneles solares",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1337,"children":1338},{},[1339,1344],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1340,"children":1341},{},[1342],{"type":509,"value":1343},"Deja que el inversor se ventile.",{"type":509,"value":1345}," Instálalo donde indique el manual, con el espacio libre que pide el fabricante.",{"type":509,"value":582},{"type":500,"tag":719,"attrs":1348,"children":1349},{},[1350,1355,1357,1363,1365,1370],{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1351,"children":1352},{},[1353],{"type":509,"value":1354},"Elige bien desde el principio.",{"type":509,"value":1356}," Un buen ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1358,"children":1360},{"to":1359},"\u002Finstalacion",[1361],{"type":509,"value":1362},"montaje",{"type":509,"value":1364}," evita microfisuras y filtraciones de agua. En nuestra guía para ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1366,"children":1367},{"to":454},[1368],{"type":509,"value":1369},"elegir instalador",{"type":509,"value":1371}," te contamos qué preguntar.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1375,"children":1376},{},[1377],{"type":509,"value":1378},"Si la producción cae, primero hay que saber por qué. Una sombra nueva, suciedad acumulada, un fallo del inversor y la degradación de la placa se reflejan igual en la app, pero se arreglan de forma muy distinta.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":1031,"attrs":1381,"children":1382},{"heading":1033,"mode":1034},[],{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1385,"children":1388},{"id":1386,"data-toc":1387},"cuando-cambiar","Final de vida",[1389],{"type":509,"value":1390},"¿Cuándo hay que cambiar las placas solares y qué se hace con ellas?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1393,"children":1394},{},[1395],{"type":509,"value":1396},"No hay una fecha fija para cambiar las placas. Merece la pena cuando hay daños visibles, como un cristal roto o delaminación, o cuando la producción ha caído claramente por debajo de lo que corresponde a su edad. Si una placa está dentro de garantía y pierde más de lo garantizado, reclama antes de comprar otra.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1399,"children":1400},{},[1401,1403,1408,1410,1416],{"type":509,"value":1402},"Cuando una placa llega al final de su vida, no se tira con los escombros. En España las placas solares son ",{"type":500,"tag":512,"attrs":1404,"children":1405},{},[1406],{"type":509,"value":1407},"RAEE",{"type":509,"value":1409}," (residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos) y se recogen por separado. Te explicamos cómo funciona en nuestra guía de ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1411,"children":1413},{"to":1412},"\u002Freciclaje-placas-solares",[1414],{"type":509,"value":1415},"reciclaje de placas solares",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1419,"children":1422},{"id":1420,"data-toc":1421},"rentabilidad","Rentabilidad",[1423],{"type":509,"value":1424},"Qué significa la vida útil para la rentabilidad",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1427,"children":1428},{},[1429],{"type":509,"value":1430},"Cuando compares presupuestos o hagas números, no supongas que las placas producen lo mismo durante 30 años. Si aplicas una degradación del 0,7 % anual, la instalación produce alrededor de un 20 % menos el último año y en torno a un 10 % menos de media a lo largo de toda su vida.",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1433,"children":1434},{},[1435,1437,1442,1444,1449],{"type":509,"value":1436},"Incluye también un cambio de inversor dentro de esos 30 años. Con esos dos ajustes, el cálculo se acerca a lo que de verdad vas a ahorrar. Lo explicamos en nuestras guías sobre la ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1438,"children":1439},{"to":22},[1440],{"type":509,"value":1441},"rentabilidad de las placas solares",{"type":509,"value":1443}," y los ",{"type":500,"tag":972,"attrs":1445,"children":1446},{"to":165},[1447],{"type":509,"value":1448},"precios de las placas solares",{"type":509,"value":553},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1452,"children":1453},{},[1454],{"type":509,"value":1455},"Cuando solicites presupuestos, pide que te detallen la marca y el modelo de placas e inversor, y los años de garantía de producto, potencia e instalación de cada uno. Con esos datos puedes comparar ofertas de verdad.",{"type":509,"value":1457},"\n\n\n",{"type":500,"tag":557,"attrs":1459,"children":1462},{"id":1460,"data-toc":1461},"preguntas-frecuentes","Preguntas frecuentes",[1463],{"type":509,"value":1461},{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1466,"children":1468},{"id":1467},"faq-anos",[1469],{"type":509,"value":1470},"¿Cuántos años duran las placas solares?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1473,"children":1474},{},[1475],{"type":509,"value":1476},"La vida útil de referencia es de 30 años para las placas de silicio cristalino actuales, y suelen seguir produciendo después. Con los años producen algo menos, pero no dejan de funcionar.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1479,"children":1481},{"id":1480},"faq-perdida",[1482],{"type":509,"value":1483},"¿Cuánto pierden las placas solares al año?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1486,"children":1487},{},[1488],{"type":509,"value":1489},"En instalaciones reales, la pérdida típica es de un 0,5 a 0,6 % al año. Placas tipo N como el LONGi Hi-MO X10 o el Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 garantizan una pérdida máxima de entre el 0,35 y el 0,4 % anual a partir del segundo año.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1492,"children":1494},{"id":1493},"faq-inversor",[1495],{"type":509,"value":1151},{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1498,"children":1499},{},[1500],{"type":509,"value":1501},"Unos 15 años en una vivienda, así que lo normal es cambiarlo una vez en la vida de las placas. Huawei y GoodWe dan hoy 10 años de garantía en sus inversores residenciales.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1504,"children":1506},{"id":1505},"faq-garantia",[1507],{"type":509,"value":1508},"¿Qué pasa cuando se acaba la garantía de las placas?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1511,"children":1512},{},[1513],{"type":509,"value":1514},"Las placas siguen funcionando. Lo que pierdes es el derecho a reclamar al fabricante si producen menos de lo garantizado o se averían, así que las reparaciones pasan a correr de tu cuenta.",{"type":509,"value":576},{"type":500,"tag":766,"attrs":1517,"children":1519},{"id":1518},"faq-reciclaje",[1520],{"type":509,"value":1521},"¿Se reciclan las placas solares?",{"type":509,"value":527},{"type":500,"tag":505,"attrs":1524,"children":1525},{},[1526],{"type":509,"value":1527},"Sí. En España son residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos (RAEE) y tienen recogida separada. No se tiran con los escombros de obra.",[],[],{"div":471,"p":1531,"strong":1532,"h2":1533,"table":469,"thead":469,"tr":1534,"th":1535,"tbody":469,"td":1536,"ul":1537,"li":462,"h3":1533,"nuxt-link":1538,"solar-panel-calculator":469},37,30,8,9,5,17,6,18,true,[1541,1551,1560,1572,1583],{"id":1542,"name":1543,"slug":1544,"uri":252,"shortDescription":1545,"readingTime":1536,"image":1546},109,"Aiko Solar: revisión y opinión sobre la marca","aiko-solar","AIKO NEOSTAR para vivienda: qué ofrece el 3P54, cómo comprobar la ampliación de garantía y cuándo merece la pena su eficiencia.",{"x1":1547,"x2":1548,"webpX1":1549,"webpX2":1550},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F109.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F109@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F109.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F109@2x.webp",{"id":1538,"name":1552,"slug":1553,"uri":52,"shortDescription":1554,"readingTime":485,"image":1555},"Influencia de la temperatura en las células fotovoltaicas y la eficiencia","influencia-de-la-temperatura-en-las-celulas-fotovoltaicas-y-la-eficiencia","El calor extremo reduce la eficiencia de las placas solares, mientras que el frío puede mejorarla. Te explicamos cómo influye la temperatura en la producción fotovoltaica y qué paneles elegir en España.",{"x1":1556,"x2":1557,"webpX1":1558,"webpX2":1559},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F18.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F18@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F18.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F18@2x.webp",{"id":1561,"name":1562,"slug":1563,"uri":1564,"shortDescription":1565,"readingTime":1566,"image":1567},13,"Instalación de placas solares fotovoltaicas","instalacion-de-las-paneles-solares-fotovoltaicos","\u002Finstalacion-de-las-paneles-solares-fotovoltaicos","Te explicamos cómo es el proceso de instalación de placas solares en una vivienda: considerando desde los componentes básicos hasta la conexión a la red y la puesta en marcha del proyecto.",3,{"x1":1568,"x2":1569,"webpX1":1570,"webpX2":1571},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F13.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F13@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F13.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F13@2x.webp",{"id":1573,"name":1574,"slug":1575,"uri":22,"shortDescription":1576,"readingTime":1577,"image":1578},12,"¿Las placas solares son rentables?","las-placas-solares-son-rentables","La rentabilidad de las placas solares depende del coste instalado, la producción y cuándo consumes electricidad. Explicamos cómo calcular el ahorro y la amortización sin dar por seguras las ayudas ni futuras subidas de la luz.",16,{"x1":1579,"x2":1580,"webpX1":1581,"webpX2":1582},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F12@2x.webp",{"id":1584,"name":1585,"slug":1586,"uri":28,"shortDescription":1587,"readingTime":1588,"image":1589},11,"¿Cómo funciona la garantía de las placas solares?","garantia-placas-solares","Las garantías de las placas solares son clave al invertir en autoconsumo. Te explicamos qué cubren: producto, rendimiento, inversores e instalación, y qué marcas ofrecen más confianza.",19,{"x1":1590,"x2":1591,"webpX1":1592,"webpX2":1593},"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F11.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F11@2x.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F11.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fapi.solarplus.es\u002Ffiles\u002Fpages_featured\u002F11@2x.webp"]